HISTORY | Class 10 | Question Bank Solutions; Chapter 1: Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement [SEBA]
HSLC Exam. Questions (MCQ & Very Short Questions) – 1 Mark Each
(i) During whose tenure was the ‘Partition Plan of Bengal’ executed?
Answer: (a) Lord Curzon
(ii) Which British administrator helped in the formation of Muslim League in 1906?
Answer: (b) Lord Minto
(iii) The British Government annulled the partition of Bengal by holding a darbar at Delhi –
Answer: (b) 2 December, 1911
(iv) Between whom was the treaty of Allahabad signed?
Answer: (c) between Shah Alam and Robert Clive
(v) "The United Bengal is a big force, the partition will destroy this big unity." Whose quote was this?
Answer: (b) Lord Curzon Hebert Risley
(vi) Which of the following decisions were announced in the Royal Proclamation of Delhi on 12th December, 1911?
Answer: (c) (i), (ii), (iv)
(i) Reunification of Bengal
(ii) Shifting of the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi
(iv) The administration of Assam came under the Chief Commissioner
(vii) Which of the following statements are true about the Partition of Bengal in 1905?
Answer: (d) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(i) It resulted in the second important political upheaval in India after the 1857 Revolt.
(ii) It was executed to suppress the growing national consciousness in Bengal.
(iii) Shillong was made the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam.
(iv) It led to the Swadeshi Movement.
(viii) Which of the following best explains why Gopal Krishna Gokhale returned his ‘Knighthood’ title to Government?
Answer: (c) He disagreed with the British policy of partitioning Bengal.
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MCQ and Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Assertion (A): The Swadeshi Movement in India aimed to promote indigenous goods and reduce dependency on British products.
Reason (R): The Swadeshi Movement primarily aimed to protest against British taxes and government loans.
Correct answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are true; but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
[HSLC ’25]
2. Who among the following edited a magazine Vande Mataram during Swadeshi Movement in India?
Answer: (a) Arabinda Ghose
[HSLC ’25]
3. Who composed the song Bande Mataram?
Answer: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
[HSLC ’11, ’14]
4. Who was 'Lal-Bal-Pal'?
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal
[HSLC ’12]
5. Who was Lord Minto?
Answer: The Viceroy of India from 1905 to 1910 during the Swadeshi Movement
[HSLC ’13]
---
Short Type Questions (Marks: 2/3)
1. What were the initial programmes of the agitation of the partition of Bengal?
Answer: The initial programmes are-
- Boycott of British goods
- Promotion of indigenous (Swadeshi) products
- Public meetings and processions
[HSLC ’16, ’17]
2. What were the anti-movement measures taken by the British to dominate the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer: The anti movement measures are-
- Imposition of repressive laws
- Arrest of leaders and activists
- Use of police and military force
[HSLC ’17]
3. Mention three main geographical regions of Bengal which were annexed to the province 'East Bengal and Assam' created after the partition of Bengal.
Answer: The three main geographical regions are-
- Chittagong
- Dacca (now Dhaka)
- Rajshahi
[HSLC ’17]
4. Write briefly how the national industries of Bengal developed during the Swadeshi Movement.
Answer: The national industries of Bengal developed during the Swadeshi movement by-
- Encouragement of indigenous industries
- Establishment of national textile mills, soap factories, etc.
- Financial support and investments by Indian entrepreneurs
[HSLC ’18]
5. Briefly describe the role of women in the Swadeshi Movement.
Answer: The role of woman in the Swadeshi movement are-
- Participated in picketing and processions
- Promoted Swadeshi goods at home
- Helped spread nationalist ideas
[HSLC ’18, ’20]
6. What were the First Point of the Four-Point Programme on Partition of Bengal declared by Lord Curzon?
Answer:
- The name of the new province will be "Eastern Bengal and Assam" by annexation of Rajshahi, Dhaka and chattagram to Assam.
- The capital of New province will be Dhaka.
- The administration of eastern bangle and Assam will be handed over to a lieutenant governor.
- The capital of Assam will be transferred from Shillong to Dhaka.
[HSLC ’18]
---
Long/Essay Type Questions (Marks: 4/5)
1. Briefly mention the causes and consequences of the Bengal Partition during British rule.
[HSLC '11]
Ans:
Causes of Bengal Partition are-
Administrative Convenience:
The British claimed Bengal was too large to govern efficiently. With a population of over 78 million, it was administratively difficult to manage.
Divide and Rule Policy:
The British wanted to divide Hindus and Muslims. East Bengal had a Muslim majority, while West Bengal had a Hindu majority. The British used this religious divide to weaken the growing nationalist movement.
Curbing Nationalism:
Bengal was a hotbed of nationalist activities. Partition was intended to break Hindu-Muslim unity and weaken the Indian National Congress.
Consequences of Bengal Partition are-
Widespread Protests:
Indians saw the partition as an attack on national unity. Protests erupted across Bengal and other parts of India.
Beginning of Swadeshi Movement:
The movement encouraged the boycott of British goods and promoted Indian-made products.
Formation of the Muslim League (1906):
Muslims were encouraged by the British to form a separate political organization, which later demanded a separate nation.
Reversal of Partition (1911):
Due to intense public pressure and protests, the British had to annul the partition in 1911.
---
2. Write briefly about the emergence of Muslim League during Swadeshi Movement in India.
[HSLC '12]
Ans:
The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 in Dhaka under the patronage of Nawab Salimullah.
The British supported its formation to counter the Indian National Congress and to weaken the Swadeshi Movement, which was seen as being dominated by Hindu interests.
The League aimed to:
- Protect the political rights of Muslims
- Promote loyalty to the British Crown
- Create a platform to represent Muslim political interests
The League’s formation laid the foundation for communal politics and later the demand for a separate Muslim nation (Pakistan).
---
3. What is meant by "Partition of Bengal"? How did it affect Assam?
[HSLC '13]
Ans: The Partition of Bengal means division of Bengal into two parts. The Partition of Bengal was carried out by Lord Curzon on 16 October 1905.
Bengal was divided into two parts:
West Bengal: Hindu-majority region
East Bengal and Assam: Muslim-majority region, included Chittagong, Dacca, Rajshahi, and Assam
It's effects on Assam:
Administrative Changes:
Assam was merged with East Bengal, creating a new province under a Lieutenant Governor.
Cultural Discontent:
Assamese people feared losing their cultural and linguistic identity due to dominance by Bengali-speaking population.
Economic Impact:
Economic policies favored the new province, creating dissatisfaction among Assamese elites.
Political Awareness:
The people of Assam became more politically active and conscious, joining national movements.
---
4. Briefly discuss the contribution of Swadeshi Movement towards national education.
[HSLC '23]
Ans:
The Swadeshi Movement emphasized not only economic self-reliance but also educational independence.
Contributions are as follows:
Establishment of National Educational Institutions:
Institutions like the National Council of Education (1906) were set up to provide Indian-oriented education.
Bengal National College was established, where Aurobindo Ghosh served as principal.
Promotion of Indigenous Curriculum:
Education focused on Indian history, culture, languages, and moral values, rejecting the British colonial curriculum.
Encouragement of Technical and Scientific Education:
Emphasis was placed on science and technology to support industrial development.
Mass Awareness through Education:
National education aimed to awaken political consciousness and patriotism among Indian youth.
---
5. Briefly describe four contributions of Swadeshi Movement.
[HSLC '24]
Ans:
1. Boycott of British Goods:
People refused to buy British products, especially cloth, salt, and sugar.
Foreign goods were publicly burned in bonfires.
2. Promotion of Indigenous Industries:
Indian-made products were encouraged.
Swadeshi textile mills, soap factories, and match factories were established.
3. Political Awakening:
The movement inspired a new wave of nationalism.
Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai mobilized people for the cause.
4. Growth of National Education:
Indigenous institutions were set up to provide education based on Indian values and culture.
It aimed at freeing minds from colonial domination.
[HSLC ’24]
---
Additional Important Questions – MCQ & Very Short (Mark: 1)
1. Choose the correct answer: Bengal was partitioned during the time of Viceroy—
Answer: (d) Lord Curzon.
2. The outbreak of Sepoy Mutiny was in
→ (c) 1857
3. The British Government introduced Regulating Act in
→ (b) 1773 AD
4. The Allahabad Treaty was signed in
→ (d) 1765 AD
5. The Allahabad Treaty was signed between
→ (d) Mughal Emperor Shah Alam and Robert Clive
6. The British Government created the state of Assam on
→ (d) 7th March, 1876
7. The Post of Chief Commissioner for the state of Assam was created in
→ (b) 1874
8. The first Chief Commissioner of Assam was
→ (c) J. Bampfylde Fuller
9. __________ by showing his administrative caliber put the proposal of partition of Bengal before the Government of England.
→ (d) Lord Curzon
10. The treaty of Yandaboo was signed on
→ (d) 24th February, 1826
11. The region of Cachar came under the British empire in
→ (a) 1826
12. The region of Khasi Hills came under the British empire in
→ (b) 1833
13. The region of Jaintia Hills came under the British empire in
→ (a) 1835
14. The province of Singfoo came under the British empire in
→ (c) 1833
15. The province of Motok and Sadiya came under the British empire in
→ (b) 1843
16. The province of Khamti came under the British empire in
→ (d) 1845
18. The area of Angami Naga Hills came under the British empire in
→ (c) 1854
19. The area of Bengal in 1874 was
→ (d) 2,53,000 Sq. mile
20. Viceroy Lord Curzon prepared a detail proposal of the partition of Bengal, by discussing with ________, the Secretary of state, Government of India.
→ (a) R.H Keatings
21. The British Government on 1st September, 1905 declared officially that the partition of Bengal would be implemented on
→ (b) 16th October
22. The female magazine ‘Su-Prabhat’ was edited by
→ (b) Kumudini Mishra
23. The magazine ‘Vande-Mataram’ was edited by
→ (c) Rajanikanta Sen
24. The play ‘Palashir Prayachitta’ was written by
→ (d) Khiroda Prasad
25. The play ‘Sirajuddoula’ and ‘Mir Kasim’ was written by
→ (d) Khiroda Prasad
26. The first protest meeting against the proposed partition of Bengal was held at ______ on 14th July, 1905.
→ (b) Calcutta
27. ______ wrote the book ‘Japani Bir’ which was written on the background of Swadeshi movement.
→ (a) Pramathanath Ray Choudhury
28. ______ wrote the book ‘Bangalakshmi Bratakatha’ which was written on the background of Swadeshi movement.
→ (b) Ramendra Sundar Trivedi
29. ______ wrote the book ‘Nabya Bharat’ which was written on the background of Swadeshi movement.
→ (d) Swarna Devi Kumari
30. The ‘Bengal Chemical’ was established by—
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Arabinda Ghosh
(c) Surendranath Banerjee
(d) Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy
✅ Answer: (d) Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy
---
31. Arrange the following events in ascending order—
(A) Establishment of All India Muslim League
(B) Partition of Bengal
(C) 19th Annual Session of Indian National Congress held at Madras
(D) Unification of Bengal
Choose the correct option:
(a) C, B, A, D
(b) C, B, D, A
(c) A, B, C, D
(d) B, D, A, C
✅ Answer: (a) C, B, A, D
Order: (C) 1903 → (B) 1905 → (A) 1906 → (D) 1911
---
32. Match the following with appropriate choices:
List I. List II
(A) Regulating Act i. 1826
(B) Allahabad Treaty ii. 1905
(C) Treaty of Yandaboo iii. 1773
(D) Partition of Bengal iv. 1765
Options:
(a) A – i, B – iii, C – ii, D – iv
(b) A – iv, B – iv, C – ii, D – i
(c) A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii
(d) A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii
✅ Answer: (d) A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii
---
33. The main objectives of the Muslim League were—
(i) To increase the sense of loyalty of the Muslim people to British
(ii) To keep away British Government regarding the political rights and interests of the Muslims
(iii) To create the sense of unity between the Hindus and Muslims
(iv) Want a separate country for the Muslims
Choose the correct option:
(a) i and iv
(b) i, ii and iii
(c) i and ii
(d) only ii
✅ Answer: (c) i and ii
---
34. Match the following with appropriate choices:
List I. List II
(A) Andrew Fraser i. Viceroy
(B) Herbert Risley ii. Chief Secretary of Bengal
(C) Lord Curzon iii. Secretary of State, Govt of India
(D) R.W. Carlyle iv. Lt. Governor of Bengal
Options:
(a) A – v, B – i, C – iii, D – iv
(b) A – iv, B – iii, C – i, D – v
(c) A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii
(d) A – iv, B – iii, C – i, D – ii
✅ Answer: (d) A – iv, B – iii, C – i, D – ii
---
Assertion and Reasoning Questions
1.
Assertion (A): By introducing Regulating Act in 1773, the British Government upgraded the post of Governor of Bengal Presidency to the level of Governor General.
Reason (R): Due to this Act, the two Governors of Bombay and Madras were brought under the control of the Governor of Fort William.
Options:
(a) A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
✅ Answer: (a) A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
---
2.
Assertion (A): The Swadeshi Movement was able to give the Indians a political knowledge regarding mass movement.
Reason (R): Indians got the privilege to demand for Swaraj through the Swadeshi Movement.
Options:
(a) A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
✅ Answer: (a) A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
---
3.
Assertion (A): The responsibility of governing Bengal under the Regulation Act was entrusted to a Lieutenant Governor.
Reason (R): The area under the Governor of Fort William had become vast.
Options:
(a) A is true, R is false
(b) A is false, R is true
(c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(d) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
✅ Answer: (c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
----
4.
Assertion (A): The British Government wanted to create communal divisions between Hindus and Muslims through the partition of Bengal.
Reason (R): Increasing political consciousness in Bengal threatened the British Colonialism in India.
Options:
(a) A is true, R is false
(b) A is false, R is true
(c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(d) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
✅ Answer: (c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Very Short Questions
1. **Under whose presidentship did the Conference of Indian National Congress accept the proposal of *swaraj for Indians*?**
**Answer:** **Dadabhai Naoroji** (At the Calcutta Session in 1906).
2. **Name a historic event that occured during the reign of Lord Curzon.**
**Answer:** **Partition of Bengal (1905)**.
3. **When was the Sepoy Mutiny taken place?**
**Answer:** **1857** (Often referred to as the Revolt of 1857 or the First War of Indian Independence).
4. **Which is the second most political upheaval in India after the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857?**
**Answer:** **The Partition of Bengal (1905)** (This event sparked massive nationalist protests and the Swadeshi movement).
5. **When did the national movement become very strong in the Bengal province?**
**Answer:** **After the Partition of Bengal in 1905** (The partition fueled intense nationalism and the Swadeshi movement, making Bengal a major center of the freedom struggle).
6. **Who created a new province by adjoining East Bengal and Assam?**
**Answer:** **Lord Curzon** (As part of the Partition of Bengal in 1905).
7. **When did the British Government introduce Regulating Act?**
**Answer:** **1773**.
8. **To what position, did the British Government upgrade the post of the Governor of Bengal Presidency?**
**Answer:** **Governor-General of Bengal** (Through the Regulating Act of 1773).
9. What were brought under the control of the Governor of Fort William by Regulating Act of 1773?**
**Answer:** The presidencies of Madras and Bombay.
10. To whom was the governing of Bengal province, vested when the area under the Governor of Fort William had become vast?**
**Answer:** A Lieutenant Governor of Bengal (The Regulating Act of 1773 created this position).
11. When was the Allahabad Treaty signed?**
**Answer:** 1765.
12. Who were the signatories of the Allahabad Treaty?** (Corrected question - the original "When" is incorrect)
**Answer:** The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Robert Clive (representing the British East India Company).
13. When did the British take steps to reform the Indian administration?**
**Answer:** After the Revolt of 1857 (specifically, with the Government of India Act 1858).
14. What was also included in the reformation of the Indian administration by the British?**
**Answer:** The reorganization of provinces and territories (including the creation of new administrative units like Assam).
15. What was the significance of the date 7th February 1874?**
**Answer:** It was the date on which the Chief Commissionership of Assam was formally created, separating it from the Bengal Presidency.
16. How many districts of the Brahmaputra valley were included in the state of Assam created on 7th February 1874 by the British?**
**Answer:** 6 districts (Kamrup, Darrang, Nagaon, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur, Goalpara).
17. What was the area of Assam when created on 7th February, 1874?**
**Answer:** Approximately 54,100 square miles (around 140,000 sq km).
18. What was the population of Assam when created on 7th February, 1874?**
**Answer:** Approximately 2 million people.
19. Name the post that was created for the state of Assam by the British?**
**Answer:** Chief Commissioner.
20. Who was the first chief commissioner of Assam?**
**Answer:** Richard Harte Keatinge.
21. From whose tenure, was the British colonialism established all over India?**
**Answer:** Lord Dalhousie (Governor-General from 1848 to 1856). (Note: While conquest continued after, Dalhousie's policy of annexation significantly expanded direct British rule).
22. Who was Andrew Fraser?**
**Answer:** The Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces (1901) and later Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal (1903-1906); he proposed the partition of Bengal.
23. Who was J. Bamfylde Fuller?**
**Answer:** The first Lieutenant-Governor of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam (created after the Partition of Bengal in 1905).
24. Who gave proposal to Lord Curzon to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal in 1901?** (Note: "Madhya Pradesh" is an anachronism; it refers to the Central Provinces)
**Answer:** Andrew Fraser (Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces).
25. When did Andrew Fraser give proposal to Lord Curzon to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal?** (Note: Refers to Central Provinces)
**Answer:** 1901.
26. To whom did Fraser give the proposal to change the geographical boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Bengal in 1901?** (Note: Refers to Central Provinces)
**Answer:** Lord Curzon (Viceroy and Governor-General of India).
27. What happened in Orissa in 1866 A.D?**
**Answer:** A devastating famine occurred.
28. How many people lost their lives in famine in Orissa in 1866 A.D?**
**Answer:** Approximately 1 million people.
**29. Who put the proposal of the partition of Bengal before the government of England?**
**Answer:** Lord Curzon (Viceroy of India).
(Note: While officials like Fraser made initial suggestions, it was Curzon who formally proposed and pushed the plan to the British government).
*30. Who proposed to disjoin Orissa and Sambalpur from Bengal and to annex to Madhya Pradesh?**
**Answer:** The Commissioner of Chota Nagpur.
* **31. Who proposed to annex Chattagram to Assam with a view to expand the tea business?**
**Answer:** David Scott (Agent to the Governor-General on the North-East Frontier).
* **32. When was the treaty of Yandabo signed?**
**Answer:** February 24, 1826.
* **33. When was Cachar brought under the British empire in India?**
**Answer:** 1832.
* **34. When was Khasi Hills brought under the British empire in India?**
**Answer:** 1833 (British authority established after the Anglo-Khasi War, though the process began earlier).
* **35. When was Jaintia Hills brought under the British empire in India?**
**Answer:** 1835.
* **36. When was the province of Motok and Sadiya brought under the British empire in India?**
**Answer:** 1838 (Following the First Anglo-Burmese War and Treaty of Yandabo, Sadiya area came under British influence earlier, but formal control over Matak (Matak) country was consolidated around 1838).
* **37. When was the province of Khamil brought under the British empire in India?**
**Answer:** 1839 (Khamti (Khamil) country).
* **38. When was Singfoo brought under the British empire in India?**
**Answer:** 1839 (Singpho (Singfoo) country).
* **39. When was the area of Angami Naga Hills brought under the British empire in India?**
**Answer:** 1878-1880 (British campaign and subsequent administrative control established during this period).
* **40. Who was appointed Lt. Governor of Bengal in 1903?**
**Answer:** Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser.
* **41. Who directed Andrew Fraser to make a plan for redenunciation of the boundary of the Bengal province?**
**Answer:** Lord Curzon (Viceroy of India).
* **42. When did Andrew Fraser submit his plan for redenunciation of the boundary of the Bengal province to Lord Curzon?**
**Answer:** December 1903.
* **43. When did Lord Curzon prepare a detail proposal of the partition of Bengal?**
**Answer:** June 1904 (He toured East Bengal and finalized the plan upon his return).
* **44. Who was Herbert Risley?**
**Answer:** Sir Herbert Hope Risley was the Home Secretary to the Government of India (1902-1910) and a key architect of the Partition plan. He was also an influential ethnographer and census commissioner.
45. Who put proposals to expand the boundary of Assam up to Chattagram?**
**Answer:** David Scott (early 19th century) and later Chief Commissioners of Assam like Richard Harte Keatinge and Sir Henry Cotton (late 19th century).
46. Name the chief commissioner who, in his second tenure, put proposal to annex Chattagram, two districts of Dhaka and Maimonsing to Assam.**
**Answer:** Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton (during his second term as Chief Commissioner of Assam, 1896-1902).
47. How much area was covered by the territories of Dhaka, Chattagram and Rajshahi?**
**Answer:** Approximately 106,540 square miles.
48. What was to be the capital of the proposed 'Eastern Bengal and Assam'?**
**Answer:** Dhaka.
49. What was the population of the proposed 'Eastern Bengal and Assam'?**
**Answer:** Approximately 31 million (as per the 1901 census).
50. What was to be the capital of the proposed 'Bengal province'?**
**Answer:** Calcutta.
51. When did Lord Curzon send the proposal of partition of Bengal to Indian Secretary General in London for necessary approval?**
**Answer:** February 2, 1905.
52. **Who approved Lord Curzon’s proposed of partition of Bengal and informed the government of India by telegram message?**
→ **St. John Brodrick** (Secretary of State for India).
53. **When did the British Government publish Lord Curzon’s proposal of partition of Bengal?**
→ **19 July 1905**.
54. **When was declared officially that the partition of Bengal would be implemented on 16th October?**
→ **1st September 1905** .
55. **On which date in 1905 did the partition of Bengal come into force?**
→ **16 October 1905**.
56. **Name the article published in the journal! Sanjibani created great sensation among the people.**
→ **"Bangar Sarbanash"** (Destroying of Bengal).
57. **Who was editor of the journal Sanjibani?**
→ **Krishnakumar Mitra**.
58. **Where was the first protest meeting held against the proposed partition of Bengal?**
→ **Khulna ( Bagerbari)**.
59. **When was the first protest meeting held against the proposed partition of Bengal?**
→ **20 July 1904**.
60. **Name the college whose students for the first time staged a walk out from their classrooms and took part in the movement against the partition of Bengal.**
→ **Ripon College** (Presently Surendra Nath College).
61. **In which meeting was the proposal of giving up foreign commodities accepted?**
→ **Calcutta, Kasimbazar Town Hall meeting on 7 August 1905**.
62. **What was the patriotic song that the students recited by calling for boycotting foreign goods?**
→ **"Hey Banga janani, swarna prasabini by Mukunda Das**.
63. **Who presided over big protest rally held at Rajabazar on 23 rd September, 1905?**
→ **Abdul Rassul**.
64. **When did the people of Bengal observed ‘National mourning day’?**
→ **16 October 1905**.
65. **At whose proposal, did every household in Bengal avoid cooking on 16th October, 1905?**
→ **Ramendra Sundar Trivedi**.
66. **What was observed on 16th October, 1905 by the people of Bengal at the call of Rabindranath Tagore?**
→ **Raksha Bandhan** (tying rakhis as a symbol of unity).
67. **Who laid the foundation stone of ‘Federal Hall’ as symbol of unit and heritage of Bengal?**
→ **Ananda Mohan Bose** (building named **Federation Hall**).
68. **What was the main center of the Swadeshi movement?**
→ **Bengal** (specifically **Calcutta**).
69. **Who edited the ‘Bengali’ (1904)?**
→ **Surendranath Banerjea**.
70. **In which Viceroy’s time did the partition of Bengal take place?**
→ **Lord Curzon**.
71. **Who edited the ‘Sandhya’ (1906)?**
→ **Brahmabandhab Upadhyay**.
72. **Name a play written on the background of Swadeshi movement.**
→ **Palashir Prayachitta**( By Khirod Prasad).
73. **Who wrote the play, ‘Sirajuddoula’?**
→ **Girish Chandra Ghosh**.
74. **Name a book that was written on the background of Swadeshi movement.**
*Answer:* ** Japani Bir (Swarna Kumari Devi).
75. **How many patriotic songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on Swadeshi movement?**
*Answer:* ** 23 Patriotic Songs** (Exact number varies, but he composed prolifically for the movement).
76. **Name the song which won the status of national anthem of independent Bangladesh.**
*Answer:* **"Amar Shonar Bangla"** (Composed by Tagore during Swadeshi).
77. **Who wrote the national anthem of independent Bangladesh?**
*Answer:* **Rabindranath Tagore** (Wrote "Amar Shonar Bangla").
78. **Who was the editor of the journal *Aegeanter* published during the Swadeshi movement?**
*Answer:* **Barindra Kumar Ghosh** (Younger brother of Aurobindo Ghosh).
79. **Who circulated a warning on 10th October 1905 urging Bengali students not to join Swadeshi?**
*Answer:* Chief secretary of Bengal R.W. Carlyle.
80. **Under whose presidentship was a student rally organized at Patadanga Mallikbari on 4th Nov 1905?**
*Answer:* Rabindranath Tagore.
81. **Who called Calcutta University the "house of slaves" during Swadeshi?**
*Answer:* Satish Chandra Mukherjee.
82. **When was the National Education Council (Jatiya Siksha Parisad) established?**
*Answer:* **11th March 1906**.
83. **Under whose leadership was the National Education Council formed?**
*Answer:* **Rsbihari Bose.
84. **When was Bengal National College established?
*Answer:* **15th August 1906**.
85. **Who was the first principal of Bengal National College?**
*Answer:* **Aurobindo Ghosh**.
86. **How many secondary schools were established during Swadeshi?**
*Answer:* 62 secondary schools.
87. **Under whose financial help was Bengal Technical Institute established?**
*Answer:* Barrister Taraknath Palit.
88. **Name the institution changed into Jadavpur University.**
*Answer:* **Bengal Technical Institute**.
89. **Name a prominent female leader of Swadeshi.**
*Answer:* **Sister Nivedita** (Irish-born disciple of Vivekananda). OR Sarla Devi Choudhurini.
90. **Who edited the magazine ‘Bharti’?**
*Answer:* **Dwijendralal Roy** (Later edited by his wife).
91. **What was the real name of Sister Nivedita?**
*Answer:* **Margaret Elizabeth Noble**.
92. **Name the textile center established by Rabindranath Tagore.**
*Answer:* **"Swadeshi Bhandar"** (Experimental cooperative store/weaving center).
93. **Who introduced Bengal Chemicals?**
*Answer:* **Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray**.
94. **Who established an iron factory in 1907?**
*Answer:* **Jamshedji Tata** (Tata Iron and Steel Company, inspired by Swadeshi).
95. **When was the first Indian Industrial Conference held?**
*Answer:* **17th December 1905**.
96. **Where was the first Indian Industrial Conference held?**
*Answer:* **Benaras (Varanasi)**.
97. **Under whose chairmanship was the first Indian Industrial Conference held?**
*Answer:* **Ramesh Chandra Dutt** (Indian Civil Servant & economist).
98:** Who became the Viceroy of India after Lord Curzon?
**Answer:** Lord Minto (Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto).
99:** When was all India Muslim League established?
* **Answer:** 1906 (Founded on December 30, 1906, in Dhaka, British India).
B. Short Type Questions:
1. What did Lord Curzon do to suppress the national movement in the Bengal province?
**Answer:** Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal in 1905, dividing the province into East Bengal (with Dhaka as capital) and West Bengal (with Calcutta as capital). This move aimed to weaken Bengali nationalism by creating a Muslim-majority East Bengal (less politically active) and isolating Hindu-dominated Calcutta, the epicenter of the freedom movement.
2. What were brought under the control of the government of Fort William by the Regulating Act in 1773?
**Answer:** The Regulating Act placed Bengal, Bombay, and Madras presidencies under the supervisory control of the Governor-General of Fort William (Calcutta). It established the Governor-General's authority over presidencies in matters of war, revenue, and diplomacy.
3. Give a brief account of the Allahabad treaty.
**Answer:** Allahabad treaty was signed in 1765 between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Robert Clive of the East India Company after the Battle of Buxar.
The key terms are-
- - Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights (revenue collection) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the Company.
- - In return, the Company paid the Emperor an annual pension of ₹26 lakh.
- - Awadh’s Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula became a Company ally with restored territories.
4. When was the state of Assam created by the British? Name the districts from the Brahmaputra valley included in the state of Assam.
**Answer:** Assam was created as a separate Chief Commissioner's Province in 1874. Brahmaputra Valley districts included:
1. Kamrup
2. Darrang
3. Nagaon (Nowgong)
4. Sivasagar (Sibsagar)
5. Lakhimpur
6. Goalpara (transferred from Bengal in 1874)
5. What were the places included in the state of Assam besides the districts from the Brahmaputra valley?
**Answer:** Besides the Brahmaputra Valley districts, Assam included:
- - Srihatta
- - Cachar
- - Garo Hills
- - Khasi & Jaintia Hills
- - Naga Hills
6. What were the main administrative centers of the East India Company?
**Answer:** The three Presidencies were:
1. Bengal Presidency (Capital: Calcutta)
2. Madras Presidency (Capital: Madras/Chennai)
3. Bombay Presidency (Capital: Bombay/Mumbai).
7. Who was the highest administrator of these administrative centers, and how was the administrative system popularly known?
**Answer:** Each Presidency was headed by a Governor. The overall administrative system was known as the "Company Raj".
8. Where and when was the 19th annual session of the Indian National Congress held? Who was the president in that session?
**Answer:** The 19th session was held in Madras (now Chennai) in 1903. The president was Lalmohan Ghose.
9. What proposals were put forward by the European tea planters?
**Answer:** European tea planters in Assam demanded:
- To annex chattagram, two districts of Dhaka and Maimonsing to Assam.
- to expand the boundary of Assam up to chattagram.
- to expand the businesses through sea routes.
10. What was 'Risley Papers'?
**Answer:** The "Risley Papers" (1903–04) were confidential documents authored by Home Secretary Herbert Risley. They outlined the strategic blueprint for Bengal's partition, emphasizing the political goal of dividing Hindus and Muslims to undermine nationalism.
11. What was the hidden agenda behind the partition of Bengal?
**Answer:** The hidden agenda was "Divide and Rule":
- Split the politically active Bengali Hindu population.
- Create a Muslim-majority province (East Bengal) to fuel communal divisions and counter Hindu nationalism.
- Break the unity between Hindu and Muslim farmers and labourers.
- United Bengal is a big force, the partition will destroy this big unity.
12. What was the real motive of Lord Curzon?
**Answer:** The real Motive of Lord Curzon was to strengthen the British Empire in India by weakening the politically conscious Hindu Bengali and thus to regist the growth of Indian nationalism. Through this plan he tried to increase loyalty of the Muslim who were politically less conscious and thus plan to sow the seed of communalism in Indian society.
13. Give a brief account of anti-movement actions of the British government.
**Answer: The anti movement actions of the British Government were-
- Rowlatt Act (1919): Allowed detention without trial.
- Arms Act & Vernacular Press Act: Restricted weapons and censored nationalist media.
- Brutal suppression of protests (e.g., Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 1919).
- Banning organizations (e.g., RSS temporarily in 1948).
14. What was the 2nd point of the four points programme on partition of Bengal declared by Lord Curzon?
**Answer:** The second point was:
- There will be separate High court in Dhaka for eastern Bengal and Assam.
- Until a separate High court is established the new province will be under the jurisdiction of Calcutta High court.
15. What was the 3rd point of the four points programme on partition of Bengal declared by Lord Curzon?
**Answer:** The third point was:
Calcutta will be the capital of New Bengal province which includes West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and chota Nagpur.
16. Who were the leaders who understood the conspiracy of the British Government in the context of implementation of Bengal partition?
**Answer:**The leaders were:
- -Surendranath Banerjee (initiated Swadeshi protests).
- - Rabindranath Tagore (renounced knighthood; composed *Amar Sonar Bangla*).
- - Bipin Chandra Pal & Lala Lajpat Rai (promoted Swadeshi and boycott).
- - Aurobindo Ghosh (linked partition to colonial subversion).
- - Economically weaken British rule by reducing demand for imported goods.
- - Promote self-reliance (Swadeshi) and revive Indian industries.
- - Assert national pride through cultural and economic resistance.
- - Surendranath Banerjee
- - Ananda Mohan Bose
- - Bipin Chandra Pal
- - Rabindranath Tagore (indirectly inspired the gathering).
- Halim Gajnabi
- Liakat Hussain
- Md. Ismaile Choudhury
- - Boycott of British goods.
- - Promotion of indigenous industries (swadeshi enterprises).
- - Public bonfires of foreign cloth.
- Indian people became United to boycot the foreign goods which already occupied Indian market.
- People develop a tendency not to pay their taxes. government loans etc. thinking the British government a foreign agency only.
- People felt pride buying the things manufactured in India and by the Indians.
- - Touring leaders: Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai campaigned across India.
- - Symbolic unity: Similar boycotts occurred in Punjab, Bombay, and Madras.
- - Cultural resonance: Songs, plays, and literature inspired pan-Indian participation.
- - Bengalee (edited by Surendranath Banerjee)
- - Bande Mataram (edited by Arbinda Ghose)
- - Sandhya (Bengali nationalist paper)
- - Kesari (Marathi, edited by Bal Gangadhar Tilak)
- Su-prabhat by Kumudini Mishra.
- Sajibani (Krishna Kumar Mitra)
- Yugantar (Bhupendra Dutta)
- - Siraj-ud-Daulah and Mir Kasim (by Girish Chandra Ghosh.)
- Bangar Angashed (by Amarendra Nath Dutta)
- Sabbas Bangali (by Amrit Lal Bose)
- Palashir Prayachitta (by Khirod Prasad)
- Anandamath (Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay) – featured Vande Mataram.
- Japani Bir by Swarna Kumari Devi
- Joy Sangeet by Pramathnath Roy Choudhury
- Navya Bharat by Kartik Chandra Dasgupta
- - "Vande Mataram" (Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay).
- - "Banglar Maati Banglar Jol" (Rabindranath Tagore).
- - "Ekla Chalo Re" (Rabindranath Tagore).
- - Mobilized masses through songs, plays, and poetry.
- - Revived folk traditions to foster national identity.
- - Jamini Roy and Abanindranath Tagore pioneered the Bengal School of Art, rejecting Western styles.
- - Pottery, textiles, and handicrafts were promoted as symbols of self-reliance.
- - Chemicals:Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals (Prafulla Chandra Ray, Kolkata).
- - Consumer Goods: Calcutta Soap Works, Bengal Match Factory (Barisal).
- - Transport: Swadeshi Steam Navigation Co. (V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, Tuticorin).
- - Swadeshi Bhandar (Rabindranath Tagore)
- Banga Lakshi Cotton Mill (Nilratan Sarkar)
- Iron factory (Jamsherji Tata)
- The name of the new province will be eastern Bengal and Assam by annexation of Rajshahi, Dhaka and chattagram to Assam.
- The capital of New province will be Dhaka.
- The administration of eastern Bengal and Assam will be handed over to a Lieutenant governor.
- The capital of Assam will be transferred from Shillong to Dhaka.
- There will be separate High court in Dhaka for eastern Bengal and Assam.
- Until a separate High court is established the new province will be under the jurisdiction of Calcutta High court.
- Calcutta will be the capital of New Bengal province which includes West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and Chota Nagpur.
- The partition of Bengal will be implemented on 16th October 1905.
Sakil Ahmed classes is best for me I read in Assamese mediam but with the help of this class my English cost was completed
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