History | Class 10 | Chapter 4: Indian Freedom Movement and National Awakening in Assam

History | Class 10 | Chapter 4: Indian Freedom Movement and National Awakening in Assam | Question Bank Solutions SEBA

Chapter – 4: Indian Freedom Movement and National Awakening in Assam

HSLC Exam Questions

A. MCQ & Very Short Questions (Marks: 1 each)

(i) Where was the first session of the Assam Association held in 1905? [HSLC’18]

(a) In Sibsagar
(b) In Jorhat
(c) In Dibrugarh ✅
(d) In Golaghat

Answer: The first session of the Assam Association was held in Dibrugarh in 1905.

**(ii) Who among the following was the first editor of Jonaki?** [HSLC’19]

(i) Hemchandra Barua
(ii) Hemchandra Goswami
(iii) Lakshminath Bezbaruah
(iv) Chandra Kumar Agarwala ✅

Answer: Chandra Kumar Agarwala was the first editor of the magazine Jonaki.

(iii) Who formed the Assam Association in 1903? [HSLC’20]

(i) Padmanath Gohain Barua
(ii) Hemchandra Goswami ✅
(iii) Nabin Chandra Bordoloi
(iv) Manik Chandra Barua

Answer: The Assam Association was formed in 1903 by Hemchandra Goswami.

(iv) Who was the President of the ad hoc committee of Assam Provincial Congress formed in June 1921? [HSLC’22]

(i) Kuladhar Chaliha
(ii) Gopinath Bordoloi ✅
(iii) Nabin Chandra Bordoloi
(iv) Bishnuram Medhi

Answer: Gopinath Bordoloi was the President of the ad hoc committee formed in June 1921.

(v) The oldest and the first public university of North-East India is: [HSLC’23]

(a) Dibrugarh University
(b) Assam University
(c) Gauhati University ✅
(d) Tezpur University

Answer: Gauhati University is the oldest and first public university of North-East India.

**(vi) Who was the first editor of Jonaki?** [HSLC’23]

Answer: Chandra Kumar Agarwala

(vii) Assam Chatra Samilan was formed in the year: [HSLC’24]

(a) 1916
(b) 1917 ✅
(c) 1918
(d) 1920

Answer: Assam Chatra Samilan was formed in the year 1917.

(viii) Where was the first medical college of North-East India established? [HSLC’24]

(a) In Guwahati
(b) In Silchar
(c) In Jorhat
(d) In Dibrugarh ✅

Answer: The first medical college of North-East India was established in Dibrugarh.

(ix) From the following options, choose the programme and the freedom movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, in which Leeladhar Baruah from Assam joined: [HSLC’25]

(a) Dandi March, Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Dandi March, Civil Disobedience Movement ✅
(c) Collection of funds through Tilak Swarajya Fund, Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Historic August Meeting in Bombay, Quit India Movement

Answer: Leeladhar Baruah from Assam joined the Dandi March during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(x) Match the following and choose the correct answer: [HSLC’25]

Column A	Column B
(i) Ambikagiri Raychoudhury	(b) Bandini Bharat
(ii) Padmanath Gohain Baruah	(d) Been Boragi
(iii) Lakshminath Bezbaruah	(c) Ahom Sabha
(iv) Anandaram Dhekial Phukan	(a) Gyan Pradayini Sabha

Correct Matching

(i) Ambikagiri Raychoudhury - (b) Bandini Bharat
(ii) Padmanath Gohain Baruah - (c) Ahom Sabha
(iii) Lakshminath Bezbarua - (d) Been Boragi
(iv) Anandaram Dhekial Phukan - (a) Gyan Pradayini Sabha

B. Short Type Questions

Mark: 2/3

1. Name two socio-political organisations formed in Assam during independence movement.

Answer:
Two socio-political organisations formed in Assam during the independence movement were:

Assam Association (formed in 1903)
Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha (formed in 1884)

These organisations played a significant role in spreading political awareness and mobilizing people against British rule.
[HSLC’13]

2. Why was the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 failed in Assam? Give three reasons.

Answer:
The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 failed in Assam due to the following reasons:

Lack of proper leadership: There was no strong leader in Assam to unite and guide the rebels effectively.
Geographical isolation: Assam was geographically remote, making communication and coordination with other parts of India very difficult.
Strong British control: The British administration and military forces in Assam were well-organized, which suppressed the uprising swiftly.

[HSLC’16]

3. Write the names of the President and the General Secretary of Assam Association who were formally elected in the First Session of the Association.

Answer:
In the first session of the Assam Association held in 1905:

President: Raja Prabhat Chandra Baruah
General Secretary: Manik Chandra Baruah
Date and Location: 1905, in Dibrugarh

[HSLC’19]

4. Who formed Ahom Sabha? What was its most important activity?

Answer:

The Ahom Sabha was formed by Padmanath Gohain Barua in 1884.
Its most important activity was to preserve and promote the culture, traditions, and historical heritage of the Ahom dynasty.

[HSLC’20]

B. Essay Type Questions

Marks: 4/5/6

1. Write how did the Quit India Movement take place in Assam.

Answer:
The Quit India Movement of 1942 had a significant impact on Assam. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s call of “Do or Die,” the people of Assam actively participated in anti-British protests.

Student participation: Students of Cotton College and other institutions organized strikes, demonstrations, and rallies.
Sabotage activities: Railway lines, bridges, and telegraph wires were destroyed to disrupt British communication.
Leaders involved: Leaders like Gopinath Bordoloi, Bishnuram Medhi, and Omeo Kumar Das led the movement in Assam.
Repression by British: The British responded with severe repression, arresting many leaders and activists.

Thus, Assam played a bold role in making the Quit India Movement a success.
[HSLC’11]

2. Discuss the activities of the Assam Association formed during the British rule.

Answer:
The Assam Association was formed in 1903 to represent the interests of the Assamese people during British rule. Its activities included:

Political representation: It presented Assamese grievances to the British government, especially regarding land, taxation, and administration.
Educational reforms: The association supported the establishment of schools and colleges to promote education.
Cultural preservation: It worked to preserve Assamese language, literature, and culture.
Freedom struggle: Gradually, the association became a platform for nationalist activities and anti-British campaigns.

Thus, the Assam Association contributed immensely to Assam’s political awakening.
[HSLC’11]

3. When was the first meeting of Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha held? What was its main objective?

Answer:

The first meeting of the Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha was held in 1884 at Jorhat.
Its main objective was to represent the common people’s grievances to the British authorities and work for social and political reforms in Assam.

[HSLC’12]

4. Discuss how did the Non-cooperation movement start in Assam.

Answer:
The Non-cooperation Movement in Assam began in 1921 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi at the national level and Gopinath Bordoloi in Assam.

Boycott of foreign goods: People refused to buy foreign clothes and promoted the use of khadi.
Educational boycott: Students left government schools and colleges to join nationalist institutions.
Lawyers’ non-cooperation: Many Assamese lawyers stopped practicing in British courts.
Spread of Khadi and Swadeshi: People widely adopted indigenous products.

This movement laid the foundation for Assam’s active role in the freedom struggle.
[HSLC’12]

5. Write how the people of Assam took part in the Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi.

Answer:
The Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 inspired the people of Assam to participate actively:

Salt Satyagraha: Inspired by Gandhi’s Dandi March, Assamese leaders organized salt-making protests in different parts of Assam.
Boycott of British institutions: People boycotted British goods, law courts, and educational institutions.
Participation of women: Assamese women like Kanaklata Barua and Pushpalata Das played a significant role.
Repression and sacrifice: Many leaders and common people were arrested; some lost their lives in police firings.

Assam emerged as an important centre of nationalist movements during this period.
[HSLC’12, ’16, ’17]

6. Discuss in brief how the people of Assam took part in the "Quit India Movement" launched in 1942.

Answer:
The people of Assam contributed significantly to the Quit India Movement:

Organized massive rallies and demonstrations.
Disrupted railway services and communication to weaken British control.
Student leaders played a major role in mobilizing rural Assam.
Many activists were imprisoned, and some sacrificed their lives.

Assam’s role in the movement strengthened the nationwide struggle for independence.
[HSLC’13, ’15, ’23]

7. How was "Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha" formed in Assam during India's freedom struggle? Mention its important activities.

Answer:

Formation: The Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha was founded in 1884 by Jagannath Barooah.
Important activities:
1. Represented Assamese grievances before the British government.
2. Encouraged social and educational reforms in Assam.
3. Promoted awareness about political rights among the masses.
4. Gradually became a platform for freedom fighters to unite.

[HSLC’13]

8. Write briefly on how the programmes of the Non-cooperation movement were fulfilled in Assam.

Answer:
The Non-cooperation Movement in Assam successfully implemented Gandhi’s programmes:

Widespread boycott of British goods, law courts, and schools.
Promotion of khadi and swadeshi products.
Participation of students and teachers in setting up national schools.
Mobilization of peasants and workers to support the nationalist cause.

This movement united people of Assam against British exploitation.
[HSLC’16]

9. Write on the contribution of Assam Association towards social reforms in British-ruled Assam.

Answer:
The Assam Association played a key role in social reforms during British rule:

Worked to promote education and establish schools.
Advocated for the preservation of Assamese culture and literature.
Fought against unfair British policies on land revenue and taxation.
Provided a platform for leaders to voice social issues and mobilize public opinion.

It laid the groundwork for Assam’s socio-political awakening.
[HSLC’17]

10. How were the Ryot Sabhas formed in different parts of Assam against the British?

Answer:

The Ryot Sabhas were formed during the early 20th century in Assam by peasants.
They emerged as a response to oppressive taxation policies and land revenue systems imposed by the British.
The Sabhas united farmers to protest against unfair rents and exploitation.
Leaders used these platforms to spread nationalist ideas among rural masses.

[HSLC’17, ’19]

11. Give an account of the Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha.

Answer:
The Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha was founded in 1884 by Jagannath Barooah with the aim of representing the people’s voice before the British authorities.

Main Objectives:

To represent the grievances of the people of Assam to the British government.
To create political awareness among the people.
To work for social and educational reforms.

Activities:

Submitted petitions to the British government regarding peasants’ rights and taxation issues.
Promoted the development of Assamese language, literature, and culture.
Spread awareness about freedom, unity, and nationalism.
Became a platform for mobilizing public opinion against British policies.

Thus, the Sabha played a significant role in Assam’s socio-political awakening during the freedom struggle.
[HSLC’18]

12. Give an account of the activities and influence of the ‘Quit India Movement’ in Assam.

Answer:
The Quit India Movement of 1942 deeply influenced Assam and strengthened its role in the independence struggle.

Activities in Assam:

Student participation: Students of Cotton College, Tezpur High School, and other institutions organized strikes, demonstrations, and processions.
Sabotage and protest: Railway lines, telegraph wires, and bridges were destroyed to disrupt British communication.
Peasant involvement: Farmers joined protests against taxation and British exploitation.
Women’s participation: Women like Kanaklata Barua and Pushpalata Das played heroic roles.

Influence:

Inspired a mass nationalist spirit among the Assamese.
Strengthened the people’s unity against British oppression.
Motivated rural and urban Assam to fight for complete independence.

[HSLC’18]

13. Give a brief description about the educational institutions established in Assam under the leadership of Bordoloi Ministry.

Answer:
Under the leadership of Gopinath Bordoloi, the Bordoloi Ministry made remarkable contributions to the development of education in Assam during the late 1930s and early 1940s.

Key Contributions:

Expansion of schools and colleges: The number of primary, middle, and high schools increased significantly.
Establishment of Gauhati University (1948): Initiatives were taken under Bordoloi’s leadership to set up Assam’s first university.
Financial assistance: Scholarships and grants were provided to encourage students from rural and economically weaker sections.
Promotion of Assamese language: The ministry worked for the development of Assamese literature and its introduction in educational curricula.

The Bordoloi Ministry laid the foundation for Assam’s modern educational infrastructure.
[HSLC’18]

14. Discuss in brief the role played by the people of Assam in the ‘Quit India Movement’.

Answer:
The people of Assam played a courageous and active role in the Quit India Movement of 1942.

Mass protests: Demonstrations and rallies were organized across Assam, especially in Guwahati, Jorhat, and Tezpur.
Sabotage activities: Railway tracks, telegraph lines, and bridges were damaged to hamper British administration.
Martyrdom of Kanaklata Barua: A 17-year-old girl sacrificed her life while hoisting the national flag at Gohpur police station.
Participation of leaders: Prominent leaders like Gopinath Bordoloi, Bishnuram Medhi, and Omeo Kumar Das inspired and guided the movement.

The sacrifices of the Assamese people during the movement became a milestone in India’s freedom struggle.
[HSLC’19]

15. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement spread in Assam?

Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922), launched by Mahatma Gandhi, spread rapidly in Assam:

Educational boycott: Students left government schools and colleges to join nationalist institutions.
Promotion of Khadi: People stopped wearing foreign clothes and adopted Khadi as a symbol of self-reliance.
Boycott of British goods: People refused to buy foreign goods, promoting the Swadeshi movement.
Mass mobilization: Leaders like Tarun Ram Phukan, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Nabin Chandra Bardoloi inspired the people.

Through these efforts, Assam became an important centre of anti-British resistance.
[HSLC’20]

16. How did Assamese nationalism grow in Assam during the freedom movement?

Answer:
Assamese nationalism grew significantly during the Indian freedom struggle due to political, social, and cultural movements:

Rise of socio-political organizations: Groups like the Assam Association and Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha worked to create political awareness.
Language and culture: Assamese literature and journalism promoted regional identity and pride.
Participation in national movements: Involvement in the Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India movements united the Assamese under a nationalist banner.
Role of youth and students: Students played a major role in mobilizing rural and urban populations.

Thus, the freedom struggle helped strengthen the spirit of Assamese nationalism.
[HSLC’20]

17. Discuss the contribution of Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha in Assam.

Answer:
The Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha (ABUSS), founded in 1888, worked extensively for the promotion of Assamese language and literature.

Contributions:

Promotion of Assamese language: Worked to re-establish Assamese as a medium of education and administration.
Publication of Jonaki magazine: The Sabha started publishing Jonaki in 1889, which became a milestone in Assamese literature.
Social reforms: Encouraged unity, education, and cultural revival among the Assamese people.
Nationalist awakening: Though not directly political, its activities inspired a sense of identity and self-respect among the Assamese, contributing indirectly to the freedom struggle.

[HSLC’22]

18. Write the objective and activities of Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha.

Answer:
Objective:

To represent the rights and grievances of the Assamese people before the British government.
To raise political awareness among the public and work for social development.

Activities:

Submitted petitions against unfair taxation and land policies.
Encouraged the establishment of educational institutions.
Worked for the promotion of Assamese language and culture.
Mobilized people to protest against oppressive British policies.

The Sabha became one of the earliest platforms for Assamese political awakening.
[HSLC’23]

19. Discuss the role and activities of Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha.

Answer:
The Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha played a major role in reviving Assamese literature and culture:

Language preservation: Worked tirelessly to restore the Assamese language after it had been replaced by Bengali during British rule.
Jonaki magazine: Published the literary journal Jonaki, which became the voice of Assamese Renaissance.
Promotion of literature: Encouraged young writers and poets to contribute to modern Assamese literature.
Cultural unity: The Sabha became a unifying platform for Assamese identity and pride.

Thus, it laid the foundation for both literary progress and national awakening in Assam.
[HSLC’24]

20. Chandra Kumar Agarwala, the editor of Jonaki, in its inaugural issue made it clear that the politics of the rulers was beyond the purview of ‘Jonaki’.

(a) Who are being referred to as ‘rulers’ in the statement?
Answer: The British rulers are being referred to in the statement.

(b) Which association published Jonaki?
Answer: The Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha published the magazine Jonaki.

(c) If politics was out of the purview of Jonaki, then how did it contribute to the growth of nationalist consciousness? Provide at least three examples.
Answer:
Although Jonaki avoided direct political issues, it contributed indirectly to nationalist consciousness by:

Promoting Assamese language and literature, strengthening cultural identity.
Encouraging social reforms and spreading awareness of Assamese traditions.
Inspiring regional pride and unity, which laid the foundation for anti-British sentiment.

Thus, Jonaki became a symbol of the Assamese renaissance and indirectly supported the freedom movement.
[HSLC’25]

Very Short Questions

When was the first Anglo-Burmese war taken place?
Answer: The first Anglo-Burmese war took place in 1824.
When was Treaty of Yandaboo signed?
Answer: The Treaty of Yandaboo was signed on 24th February, 1826.
When did India come under the direct rule of the British crown?
Answer: India came under the direct rule of the British crown in 1858.
Which period is known as Company Raj in Assam?
Answer: The period from 1826 to 1858 is known as Company Raj in Assam.
Who initiated Gyan Pradayini Sabha?
Answer: Anandaram Dhekial Phukan initiated the Gyan Pradayini Sabha.
When was Gyan Pradayini Sabha initiated?
Answer: The Gyan Pradayini Sabha was initiated in 1830.
When was Bengali language introduced by Assam?
Answer: The Bengali language was introduced in Assam in 1836.
Who strongly opposed the introduction of Bengali language in schools, offices, and courts?
Answer: Anandaram Dhekial Phukan and other Assamese intellectuals strongly opposed it.
When was Bengali language replaced by Assamese language?
Answer: Bengali language was replaced by Assamese language in 1873.
What was the first known association formed to improve the Assamese language and literature?
Answer: The Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha was the first known association formed to improve the Assamese language and literature.
When was the first known association formed to improve the Assamese language and formed?
Answer: It was formed in 1884.
Where was the first known association formed to improve the Assamese language and formed?
Answer: It was formed at Jorhat.
Name the association formed to enrich Assamese language and literature in 1888.
Answer: The association formed was the Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha.
Whose magnum opus work is Hemkosh?
Answer: Hemchandra Barua is the author of the magnum opus work Hemkosh.
Name the journal of the Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha.
Answer: The journal of the Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha was Jonaki.
Who was the first editor of Jonaki?
Answer: Chandra Kumar Agarwala was the first editor of Jonaki.
Name the journal that was successful in regenerating cultural and social consciousness in Assam.
Answer: The journal Jonaki played a major role in regenerating cultural and social consciousness in Assam.
When was the first session of the Assam Chatra Samilan held?
Answer: The first session of the Assam Chatra Samilan was held in 1916.
Where was the first session of the Assam Chatra Samilan held?
Answer: It was held at Tezpur in 1916.

Who was the president of Assam Chatra Sanmilan?
Answer: Kuladhar Chaliha was the president of the Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
Who was the founder secretary of Assam Chatra Sanmilan?
Answer: Rohini Kumar Chaudhury was the founder secretary of the Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
What was the preface journal of Assam Chatra Sanmilan?
Answer: The preface journal of the Assam Chatra Sanmilan was Milan.
What was the main objective of the Ryot Sabha?
Answer: The main objective of the Ryot Sabha was to protect the rights and interests of peasants.
Where was the All Assam Ryot Sabha established?
Answer: The All Assam Ryot Sabha was established at Jorhat.
When was the Ahom Sabha formed?
Answer: The Ahom Sabha was formed in 1893.
Who was the Secretary of Ahom Sabha?
Answer: Padmanath Gohain Barua was the Secretary of the Ahom Sabha.
Where was the first session of the Ahom Sabha held?
Answer: The first session of the Ahom Sabha was held at Sivasagar.
When was the first session of the Ahom Sabha held?
Answer: The first session of the Ahom Sabha was held in 1893.
Name the sabha which was renamed as the Ahom Association.
Answer: The Ahom Sabha was renamed as the Ahom Association.
When and under whose leadership was Jorhat Sarbojonic Sabha constituted?
Answer: The Jorhat Sarbojonic Sabha was constituted in 1884 under the leadership of Jagannath Barooah.
Who formed the Assam Association?
Answer: The Assam Association was formed by Manik Chandra Baruah.
When was the Assam Association formed?
Answer: The Assam Association was formed in 1903.
When was the Assam Provincial Congress Committee formed?
Answer: The Assam Provincial Congress Committee was formed in 1921.
Who was the first officially elected President of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee?
Answer: Nabin Chandra Bordoloi was the first officially elected president of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee.
When did Gandhi visit Assam?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi visited Assam in 1921.
Who was R.J. Cunningham?
Answer: R.J. Cunningham was a British official associated with the colonial administration in Assam.
When did the All India Congress Committee pass the famous ‘Quit India’ resolution?
Answer: The famous ‘Quit India’ resolution was passed on 8th August 1942.
Who gave the slogan “Do or Die”?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or Die” during the Quit India Movement in 1942.
On what crime Kushal Konwar was hanged?
Answer: Kushal Konwar was hanged for his alleged involvement in the derailment of a train at Sarupathar during the Quit India Movement.
Who was hanged in connection with derailment of a train at Barpathar?
Answer: Kushal Konwar was hanged in connection with the derailment of a train at Barpathar.
How many seats were won by the Indian National Congress in Assam in the elections held in 1946?
Answer: The Indian National Congress won 58 seats in Assam in the 1946 elections.
Who was the first Prime Minister of Assam?
Answer: Gopinath Bordoloi was the first Prime Minister of Assam.
When was an agricultural research station established at Karimganj?
Answer: An agricultural research station was established at Karimganj in 1913.
When was an agricultural research station established at Titabar?
Answer: An agricultural research station was established at Titabar in 1923.
Where was the Assam Agricultural College established?
Answer: The Assam Agricultural College was established at Jorhat.
When was the Assam Agricultural College established?
Answer: The Assam Agricultural College was established in 1948.

Where was the Assam Veterinary College established?
Answer: The Assam Veterinary College was established at Nagaon.
When was the Assam Veterinary College established?
Answer: The Assam Veterinary College was established in 1948.
When was Gauhati University established?
Answer: Gauhati University was established in 1948.
Who was Michael Sedlar?
Answer: Michael Sedlar was the first principal of the Assam Medical College.
When was the name Assam Medical College formally introduced?
Answer: The name Assam Medical College was formally introduced in 1947.
When was Guwahati Medical College formally started?
Answer: The Guwahati Medical College was formally started in 1960.

B. Short Type Questions

1. How did Assam come under the East India Company?
Answer: Assam came under the control of the East India Company after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826). The Treaty of Yandabo, signed in 1826 between the British and Burma, transferred Assam, Manipur, and parts of present-day Arunachal Pradesh to the British. After this, Assam became a part of the Bengal Presidency under the East India Company.

2. How was the introduction of English education had dual impact on Indian society?
Answer: The introduction of English education in India had both positive and negative impacts:

Positive Impact: It created a class of educated Indians, encouraged scientific thinking, and inspired social and political reform movements.
Negative Impact: It led to the decline of traditional education systems, weakened Indian languages, and created a cultural divide between the English-educated elite and the masses.

3. Who and when was the Gyan Pradayini Sabha initiated?
Answer: The Gyan Pradayini Sabha was initiated by Anandaram Dhekial Phukan in 1857. It aimed to spread modern education and social awareness among the people of Assam.

4. Who and when was the Assamese Literary Society established?
Answer: The Assamese Literary Society, also known as Asomiya Bhasha Unnati Sadhini Sabha, was established in 1872 under the leadership of Anandaram Dhekial Phukan and Gunabhiram Barua to promote Assamese literature, language, and culture.

5. Name the persons associated with the Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha.
Answer: The main persons associated with the Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha were:

Anandaram Dhekial Phukan
Gunabhiram Barua
Hemchandra Goswami
Nidhi Levi Pharowal

6. Write a brief note on the Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha.
Answer: The Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha was formed in 1872 at Calcutta by Assamese students to protect and promote the Assamese language and literature. The Sabha published Assamese journals, organized literary meetings, and worked towards reviving Assamese culture, which had suffered under Bengali dominance in administration and education.

7. Which period is referred to as Jonaki Era?
Answer: The Jonaki Era refers to the period from 1889 to 1903 in Assamese literature, marked by the publication of the Assamese monthly magazine "Jonaki". It was led by the Axomiya Bhasha Unnati Sadhini Sabha and brought a renaissance in Assamese literature, focusing on romanticism and modern literary styles.

8. Write briefly on Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
Answer: The Assam Chatra Sanmilan was a students' organization founded in 1916 at Tezpur under the leadership of Padmanath Gohain Baruah and Krishna Kanta Handique. It aimed to unite Assamese students, promote education, encourage cultural activities, and develop leadership qualities among the youth of Assam.

9. Name the eminent personalities who participated in the annual sessions of Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
Answer: Some eminent personalities who participated were:

Padmanath Gohain Baruah
Krishna Kanta Handique
Chandranath Sarma
Tarun Ram Phukan

10. Who played an active role in strengthening and executing the action plans of Tezpur Ryot Sabha?
Answer: Harbilash Agarwala and Dandinath Kalita played active roles in strengthening and executing the action plans of the Tezpur Ryot Sabha, which fought for the rights of peasants against oppressive British revenue policies.

11. What was the social and economic role of the Ryot Sabha?
Answer: The Ryot Sabha played a significant role in:

Social Role: Uniting peasants and raising awareness about their rights.
Economic Role: Opposing excessive taxation, protecting cultivators from exploitation, and demanding fair land revenue policies.

12. Give a brief account of All Assam Ryot Sabha.
Answer: The All Assam Ryot Sabha was established in 1920 under the leadership of Nabin Chandra Bordoloi and Tarun Ram Phukan. It aimed to protect the rights of peasants, resist exploitative British policies, and promote socio-economic reforms. It became an important part of the freedom movement in Assam.

13. Write briefly on the political demands of Ahom Sabha.
Answer: The Ahom Sabha was formed in 1893 to protect the socio-political rights of the Ahom community. Its main political demands included:

Recognition of the historical contributions of the Ahoms.
Preservation of their cultural heritage.
Representation of Ahoms in administrative and political bodies.

14. Mention the objectives of the Jorhat Sarbhajanik Sabha.
Answer: The Jorhat Sarbhajanik Sabha was founded in 1884 by Jagannath Barooah. Its main objectives were:

To create political awareness among the Assamese people.
To protest against unjust British policies.
To safeguard the socio-cultural and economic interests of Assam.

15. How did the Jorhat Sarbhajanik Sabha raise voices against exploitative government policies?
Answer: The Jorhat Sarbhajanik Sabha raised voices against exploitative policies by:

Sending petitions to the British government demanding justice.
Opposing increased taxation and revenue collection.
Organizing meetings to mobilize public opinion.
Promoting Assamese literature and culture to counter suppression.

16. Give a brief account of Assam Association.
Answer: The Assam Association was formed in 1903 under the leadership of Manik Chandra Baruah. It was the first political organization of Assam and aimed to represent Assamese interests before the British government. The association worked on educational reforms, administrative autonomy, and the preservation of Assamese identity.

17. What were the issues raised by Assam Association before the British Government?
Answer: The Assam Association raised several issues before the British government, including:

Demands for administrative reforms in Assam.
Protection of Assamese language and culture.
Opposition to excessive taxation and exploitation of local resources.
Greater representation of Assamese people in government services.

18. Give a brief account of Assam Provincial Congress Committee.
Answer: The Assam Provincial Congress Committee (APCC) was formed in 1921 at Tezpur under the leadership of Chandranath Sarma. It became the state unit of the Indian National Congress in Assam and played a significant role in the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement. The APCC united people across Assam, promoted the Swadeshi Movement, and opposed British policies.

19. Name the leaders of Assam who were against the partition of Bengal.
Answer: The prominent leaders of Assam who opposed the partition of Bengal (1905) were:

Manik Chandra Baruah
Padmanath Gohain Baruah
Gopinath Bordoloi
Tarun Ram Phukan
Ambikagiri Raichoudhury

20. Write briefly about activities of Boycott Movement of foreign goods in Assam.
Answer: During the Swadeshi Movement (1905–1911), the people of Assam actively participated in the Boycott of foreign goods by:

Refusing to buy British-made clothes and other products.
Promoting the use of Khadi and local handicrafts.
Organizing public meetings to encourage the Swadeshi spirit.
Setting up Swadeshi stores to promote indigenous goods.

21. What were the welfare activities taken by the British Government to keep aside the Brahmaputra Valley people from the influence of Swadeshi Movement?
Answer: To prevent the spread of the Swadeshi Movement in the Brahmaputra Valley, the British government:

Reduced land revenue taxes temporarily.
Provided grants for irrigation and agricultural development.
Opened new schools and colleges to gain local support.
Distributed government jobs to selected elites to weaken the nationalist movement.

22. How did the Swadeshi Movement become much more popular in the Surma Valley?
Answer: The Surma Valley witnessed a strong Swadeshi spirit because:

The Bengali-speaking population was highly educated and politically conscious.
Students and youth organized meetings and processions to promote Swadeshi goods.
Newspapers and literature in the region strongly criticized British policies and supported Indian products.
Several local leaders mobilized the masses effectively.

23. Mention about the Assamese leaders who had led the Non-Cooperation Movement in Assam.
Answer: The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) in Assam was led by prominent leaders such as:

Tarun Ram Phukan
Nabin Chandra Bordoloi
Chandranath Sarma
Omeo Kumar Das
Gopinath Bordoloi

They encouraged people to boycott British institutions, resign from government jobs, and adopt Swadeshi goods.

24. Name the leaders of Assam who expressed their solidarity with Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha.
Answer: During the Salt Satyagraha (1930), several Assamese leaders showed solidarity with Mahatma Gandhi, including:

Gopinath Bordoloi
Chandranath Sarma
Omeo Kumar Das
Nabin Chandra Bordoloi
Pushpalata Das

25. What effect of Cunningham Circular was seen in spreading Civil Disobedience Movement in Assam?
Answer: The Cunningham Circular (1930) issued by J.R. Cunningham, Director of Public Instruction, Assam, instructed students to declare loyalty to the British government. Its effects were:

Widespread protests among students.
Intensified participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Led to student strikes and boycotts of government schools and colleges.
Strengthened anti-British sentiment across Assam.

26. How did the British Government take stern measures to repress the Quit India Movement in Assam?
Answer: During the Quit India Movement (1942), the British government used strict measures in Assam:

Imposed curfews and banned public gatherings.
Arrested leaders like Gopinath Bordoloi and Pushpalata Das.
Used military force to crush protests and underground activities.
Closed nationalist newspapers and censored publications.

27. Name some leaders of Assam who carried some underground activities during the Quit India Movement.
Answer: The leaders who carried out underground revolutionary activities in Assam were:

Kushal Konwar
Kamala Miri
Pushpalata Das
Gopinath Bordoloi (before his arrest)
Bishnuram Medhi

28. Who were the members of Gopinath Bordoloi ministry?
Answer: The Gopinath Bordoloi Ministry was formed in 1937 under the Government of India Act, 1935. Its key members were:

Gopinath Bordoloi (Premier)
Bishnuram Medhi
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Omeo Kumar Das
Hem Barua

29. Write briefly about the problems faced by the Ministry of Gopinath Bordoloi after independence.
Answer: After India’s independence in 1947, the Bordoloi Ministry faced several challenges:

Refugee influx due to partition, creating economic and social burdens.
Ethnic and linguistic conflicts within Assam.
Border security issues with East Pakistan.
Lack of infrastructure and funds for development.
Rehabilitation of displaced people and maintenance of law and order.

30. Write brief history of establishment of Assam Agriculture University.
Answer: The Assam Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 1969 at Jorhat under the Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968. It was the first agricultural university in the Northeast and aimed to:

Improve agricultural education and research.
Promote scientific farming techniques.
Support rural development and agricultural productivity in Assam.

31. Write brief history of establishment of Assam Medical College.
Answer:
The Assam Medical College was established in 1947 at Dibrugarh. It originated from the Berry White Medical School, founded in 1900 by philanthropist Dr. John Berry White. After India’s independence, it was upgraded to a full-fledged medical college to provide advanced medical education and healthcare services in the Northeast. It became the first medical college in Assam and played a vital role in developing medical facilities in the region.

32. Short Notes

(a) Assamese Literary Society
Answer: The Assamese Literary Society was formed to promote and preserve the Assamese language and literature. It encouraged writers, organized literary meets, and published works to enrich Assamese culture. It laid the foundation for modern Assamese literature and identity.

(b) Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha
Answer: Founded in 1872 at Calcutta by Assamese students, the Sabha aimed to promote the Assamese language, literature, and culture. It published journals like Jonaki and organized meetings to revive Assamese pride. It played a key role in removing Bengali dominance in administration and education.

(c) Jonaki Era
Answer: The Jonaki Era (1889–1903) refers to the renaissance period in Assamese literature, marked by the launch of the magazine “Jonaki” by the Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha. Writers like Chandra Kumar Agarwala, Lakshminath Bezbaroa, and Hemchandra Goswami enriched Assamese poetry, drama, and prose during this era.

(d) Assam Chatra Sanmilan
Answer: Established in 1916 at Tezpur, the Assam Chatra Sanmilan united students and promoted education, culture, and nationalism. It encouraged youth leadership and created awareness among students about social and political issues.

(e) Ryot Sabha
Answer: The Ryot Sabha was a peasants' organization formed in Assam to protect cultivators’ rights. It protested against high revenue taxes, exploitation by landlords, and British oppression. The Sabha also created social and political awareness among rural peasants.

(f) Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha
Answer: Founded in 1884 by Jagannath Barooah, this Sabha worked to safeguard the socio-economic and political interests of Assam. It opposed unjust British policies, demanded administrative reforms, and created a sense of unity among Assamese people.

(g) Assam Medical College
Answer: Established in 1947 at Dibrugarh, the Assam Medical College evolved from the Berry White Medical School. It became the first medical college in Assam and focused on providing quality medical education and healthcare to the Northeast.

(h) Assam Association
Answer: Formed in 1903 under the leadership of Manik Chandra Baruah, the Assam Association was the first political body of Assam. It represented Assamese interests, opposed exploitative British policies, and demanded administrative reforms and educational development.

(i) Swadeshi Movement and Assam
Answer: The Swadeshi Movement (1905–1911) spread to Assam during the partition of Bengal. People boycotted foreign goods, promoted Khadi, and encouraged indigenous industries. Leaders like Ambikagiri Raichoudhury and Tarun Ram Phukan played key roles in mobilizing people.

(j) Assam Agricultural University
Answer: The Assam Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 1969 at Jorhat. It aimed to improve agricultural education, research, and extension services. It introduced modern farming techniques and contributed significantly to the development of Assam’s agriculture.

(k) Gauhati University
Answer: The Gauhati University was established in 1948 under the Gauhati University Act, 1947. Located in Guwahati, it became the first university in Northeast India. It aimed to promote higher education, research, and cultural development in the region.

C. Essay Type Questions

1. Discuss about Role and Activities of Asomiya Bhasha Unnati Sadhini Sabha.
Answer:
The Asomiya Bhasha Unnati Sadhini Sabha was founded in 1872 at Calcutta by Assamese students. Its main aim was to revive the Assamese language, literature, and culture during a time when Bengali dominance threatened Assamese identity.

Published the literary journal Jonaki in 1889.
Encouraged the development of modern Assamese poetry, drama, and essays.
Organized cultural meetings and debates to spread awareness.
Promoted unity among Assamese youths and inspired nationalism.
Thus, the Sabha played a crucial role in the literary renaissance and cultural revival of Assam.

2. Write about the contribution of Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
Answer:
Founded in 1916 at Tezpur, the Assam Chatra Sanmilan worked for the upliftment of Assamese students and youth.

Promoted education and social awareness among students.
Encouraged the use of Assamese language and literature.
Provided a platform for students to discuss political and social issues.
Played an important role in mobilizing students during the freedom movement.
It acted as a unifying force for the educated youth of Assam.

3. Give an account on the objectives and Role of the Ryot Sabhas.
Answer:
The Ryot Sabhas were formed in Assam to protect the interests of peasants.

Objectives:
- Oppose heavy revenue taxes.
- Protect farmers from exploitation by zamindars and British officers.
- Demand fair tenancy rights.
Role:
- Organized protests and petitions against oppressive policies.
- Educated peasants about their rights.
- Helped in spreading nationalism among rural people.

4. Write about the objectives and activities of Jorhat Sarbojonic Sabha.
Answer:
Founded in 1884, the Jorhat Sarbojonic Sabha became the first organized political body of Assam.

Objectives:
- Demand administrative reforms.
- Protect Assamese culture and identity.
- Oppose exploitative government policies.
Activities:
- Sent petitions to the British government.
- Organized public meetings to unite Assamese people.
- Worked for the spread of education and cultural revival.

5. Give brief description on the creation and main roles of Assam Provincial Congress Committee.
Answer:
Formed in 1921 at Tezpur, the Assam Provincial Congress Committee (APCC) became a key body in the Indian National Congress.

Roles:
- Organized the Non-Cooperation Movement in Assam.
- Encouraged boycott of British goods and institutions.
- Mobilized masses during the Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movements.
- Worked for socio-economic reforms and spread nationalist ideas.

6. Give brief description on the role of Assam in Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:
The Swadeshi Movement (1905–1911) reached Assam during the partition of Bengal.

People boycotted foreign goods and promoted Khadi.
Swadeshi stores were opened to sell indigenous products.
Students and leaders organized rallies and meetings.
Writers like Ambikagiri Raichoudhury and Lakshminath Bezbaroa inspired patriotism through literature.

7. Give an account on the role of Assam in Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
During the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922), Assam actively participated under leaders like Tarun Ram Phukan, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Nabin Chandra Bordoloi.

Boycott of British schools, colleges, and courts.
Use of Swadeshi goods was encouraged.
Volunteers organized peaceful protests and picketing.
Students left government schools and joined national institutions.

8. Give an account on the role of Assam in Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
Assam played a vital role in the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1934):

Students protested against the Cunningham Circular.
People participated in Salt Satyagraha and boycotted British goods.
Leaders like Gopinath Bordoloi and Pushpalata Das mobilized peasants and workers.
Nationalist organizations gained strength, preparing Assam for future struggles.

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