Class 10 | History | Chapter 3 : Anti British Rising and Peasant Revolts in Assam | Textual Questions Answers.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
(Anti-British Rising and Peasant Revolts in Assam)
1. After the establishment of the British rule in Assam how did the system of revenue collection change?
Answer: The British introduced a cash-based land revenue system and increased the rate of land revenue.
2. In which year did Moffat Mills come to Assam?
Answer: Moffat Mills came to Assam in 1839.
3. Who were the Keyas?
Answer: The Keyas were Bengali moneylenders and traders appointed by the British to collect revenue.
4. Who led the revolt of 1857 in Assam?
Answer: The revolt of 1857 in Assam was led by Maniram Dewan.
5. Which Ahom Prince did the rebels of Assam want to re-install on the throne in the revolt of 1857?
Answer: The rebels wanted to re-install Prince Kandarpeswar Singha on the throne.
6. Who was the Bengali Muktiyar who helped Maniram Dewan?
Answer: Madhab Chandra Bordoloi helped Maniram Dewan as the Bengali Muktiyar.
7. Who was hanged along with Maniram Dewan?
Answer: Piyali Baruah was hanged along with Maniram Dewan.
8. Who tried the case of Maniram Dewan?
Answer: The case of Maniram Dewan was tried by Lieutenant Singer.
9. Mention two causes of the failure of the revolt of 1857 in Assam.
Answer:
- Lack of proper planning and organisation
- Weak participation of the common people
10. In which years were the Stamp tax and Income tax implemented?
Answer:
- Stamp tax: 1854
- Income tax: 1860
11. Write two causes of the pitiable condition of the peasants of Assam during the British rule.
Answer:
- Heavy increase in land revenue
- Exploitation by British officials and moneylenders
12. Who was Lieutenant Singer?
Answer: Lieutenant Singer was a British officer who tried the case of Maniram Dewan.
13. When did the Phulaguri Dhawa take place?
Answer: The Phulaguri Dhawa took place in 1861.
14. When did the peasant revolt of Rangia take place?
Answer: The peasant revolt of Rangia took place in 1893.
15. Where is Lachima located?
Answer: Lachima is located in Kamrup district of Assam.
16. When did the peasant revolt of Lachima take place?
Answer: The peasant revolt of Lachima took place in 1894.
17. When did the peasant revolt of Patharughat take place?
Answer: The peasant revolt of Patharughat took place in 1894.
18. Who led the Jaintia revolt in 1861?
Answer: The Jaintia revolt of 1861 was led by U Kiang Nongbah.
19. Who led the revolt of the ethnic tribes of North Cachar in 1881?
Answer: The revolt of the ethnic tribes of North Cachar in 1881 was led by Sambhudan (or Sambhuda) Kachari leaders.
20. Who punished Tikendrajit with the death sentence?
Answer: The British Government punished Tikendrajit with the death sentence.
21. In which year was J. W. Quinton murdered?
Answer: J. W. Quinton was murdered in 1891.
Long Answer Type Questions
(Anti-British Rising and Peasant Revolts in Assam)
1. Discuss in brief the causes of the revolt of 1857–58.
Answer:
The revolt of 1857–58 was the result of several political, economic, military and social causes.
Firstly, the British policy of annexation destroyed the old ruling families. In Assam, the Ahom kingdom was abolished, which caused deep resentment among the people.
Secondly, the economic exploitation by the British ruined peasants, artisans and traders. Heavy land revenue and new taxes made life miserable.
Thirdly, the Indian soldiers were dissatisfied due to low pay, racial discrimination and harsh discipline.
Lastly, the introduction of cartridges believed to be greased with cow and pig fat hurt the religious sentiments of Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
All these causes together led to the outbreak of the revolt of 1857–58.
2. Discuss the role of Maniram Dewan in the revolt of 1857–58 in Assam.
Answer:
Maniram Dewan was the chief leader of the revolt of 1857–58 in Assam. He was a former Ahom noble and a tea planter who strongly opposed British rule.
He organized secret meetings and planned to overthrow British rule in Assam. Maniram Dewan contacted Indian soldiers and local leaders to support the revolt.
He wanted to restore the Ahom monarchy and planned to install Prince Kandarpeswar Singha on the throne.
However, the British discovered the plan. Maniram Dewan was arrested, tried by Lieutenant Singer and hanged in 1858.
His sacrifice made him one of the earliest martyrs of Assam’s freedom struggle.
3. Discuss the reasons why the revolt of 1857–58 failed in Assam.
Answer:
The revolt of 1857–58 failed in Assam due to several reasons.
Firstly, the revolt lacked proper organisation and planning. It was not well coordinated with the revolt in other parts of India.
Secondly, there was limited participation of the common people and peasants in Assam.
Thirdly, the British administration in Assam was strong and alert, which helped them suppress the revolt quickly.
Lastly, the arrest and execution of leaders like Maniram Dewan weakened the movement.
As a result, the revolt failed in Assam.
4. Discuss the importance of the revolt of 1857 in Assam.
Answer:
Though the revolt of 1857 failed in Assam, it was of great historical importance.
It marked the beginning of organized resistance against British rule in Assam.
The revolt awakened political consciousness among the people and inspired future movements.
The sacrifice of leaders like Maniram Dewan became a source of inspiration for later freedom fighters.
Thus, the revolt laid the foundation of the freedom struggle in Assam.
5. Write a note on the Phulaguri Dhawa.
Answer:
The Phulaguri Dhawa took place in 1861 in Nagaon district of Assam.
It was a peasant uprising against heavy taxes imposed by the British, especially on betel nut and pan.
During a peaceful meeting at Phulaguri, British officer Lieutenant Singer tried to suppress the peasants. He was attacked and killed in the clash.
The British brutally suppressed the movement later.
The Phulaguri Dhawa is remembered as one of the earliest peasant movements in Assam.
6. Discuss the peasant revolt of North Kamrup in 1894.
Answer:
The peasant revolt of North Kamrup in 1894 was caused by a sudden increase in land revenue.
Peasants from Rangia, Lachima and nearby areas protested against the unjust tax system.
The British used force to suppress the movement. Many peasants were arrested and punished.
Though the revolt failed, it exposed the exploitative nature of British rule and strengthened peasant unity.
7. Give an account of the peasant revolt of Patharughat in 1894.
Answer:
The peasant revolt of Patharughat took place in 1894 in Darrang district of Assam.
Thousands of peasants gathered peacefully to protest against increased land revenue.
British officials ordered the police to open fire on the unarmed peasants. Many peasants were killed in the firing.
This incident is often called the “Jallianwala Bagh of Assam”.
The Patharughat revolt became a symbol of peasant sacrifice and resistance.
8. Write a note on the Jaintia revolt against the British in 1850.
Answer:
The Jaintia revolt was a tribal uprising against British interference in the Jaintia Hills.
The British tried to impose their administrative control and new laws, which angered the Jaintia people.
U Kiang Nongbah emerged as a prominent leader of the resistance.
The revolt was suppressed by the British, and U Kiang Nongbah was executed.
The revolt showed the strong desire of tribal people to protect their independence.
9. Write about the anti-British revolt of 1891 in Manipur under the leadership of Tikendrajit.
Answer:
The anti-British revolt of 1891 in Manipur was led by Prince Tikendrajit.
The revolt broke out when the British tried to interfere in Manipur’s internal administration.
During the conflict, British officers including J. W. Quinton were killed.
Tikendrajit was captured, tried and sentenced to death by the British.
The revolt of 1891 was an important chapter in the history of resistance against British rule in North-East India.
Short Notes
(Anti-British Rising and Peasant Revolts in Assam)
1. The Revenue System implemented by the British in Assam
The British introduced a new land revenue system in Assam after establishing their rule. Revenue was collected in cash instead of kind, which created problems for peasants. The rate of land revenue was increased frequently. Middlemen like Keyas were appointed, who exploited the peasants. As a result, the peasants became poor and discontented, leading to several peasant revolts in Assam.
2. Maniram Dewan
Maniram Dewan was a prominent leader of the revolt of 1857 in Assam. He was a former Ahom noble, tea planter and loyal supporter of the Ahom monarchy. He opposed British rule and planned to overthrow it. He wanted to restore the Ahom kingdom by reinstalling Prince Kandarpeswar Singha. He was arrested, tried by Lieutenant Singer and hanged in 1858. He is regarded as one of the first martyrs of Assam’s freedom struggle.
3. Phulaguri Dhawa
The Phulaguri Dhawa took place in 1861 in the Nagaon district of Assam. It was a peasant revolt against heavy taxes imposed on betel nut and pan by the British. During a peaceful protest meeting, a clash occurred in which British officer Lieutenant Singer was killed. The British later suppressed the revolt brutally. The Phulaguri Dhawa is considered the first organised peasant revolt in Assam.
4. Peasant Revolt of Lachima
The peasant revolt of Lachima took place in 1894 in the Kamrup district of Assam. It was caused by a sharp increase in land revenue by the British government. The peasants protested against unjust taxation and exploitation. The British suppressed the revolt using force. Though unsuccessful, the revolt showed the growing unity and resistance of Assamese peasants.
5. Battle of Patharughat
The Battle of Patharughat occurred in 1894 in Darrang district. Thousands of peasants gathered peacefully to protest against increased land revenue. British officials ordered police firing on the unarmed peasants, killing many of them. This tragic incident is known as the “Jallianwala Bagh of Assam.” It became a symbol of sacrifice and resistance against British oppression.
6. Importance of Peasant Revolts in Assam
The peasant revolts in Assam played an important role in the freedom movement. They exposed the exploitative policies of British rule. These revolts united peasants against injustice and created political awareness among the masses. Though suppressed, they inspired later nationalist movements and strengthened the spirit of resistance in Assam.
7. Tikendrajit
Tikendrajit was a prince of Manipur and a leader of the anti-British revolt of 1891. He opposed British interference in Manipur’s internal affairs. During the conflict, British officer J. W. Quinton was killed. Tikendrajit was arrested, tried by the British and sentenced to death. He is remembered as a brave patriot who resisted British imperialism in North-East India.
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