Short Type Questions
1. Write a brief note on Assamese Literary Society.
Answer:
The Assamese Literary Society, known as Asom Sahitya Sabha, was established in 1917 at Sivasagar. Its main aim was to promote the Assamese language and literature. It worked for the development of Assamese education, encouraged writers, published books, and organized literary conferences. The society played an important role in strengthening Assamese cultural identity.
2. Give a brief trace of important nationalist rise in Jonaki Age.
Answer:
The Jonaki Age marked the beginning of modern Assamese literature and nationalism. Through the journal Jonaki, writers promoted pride in Assamese language and culture. Literary works of this period created national consciousness, inspired patriotism, and encouraged resistance against British cultural dominance.
3. Write briefly on the political demands of Ahom Sabha.
Answer:
The Ahom Sabha demanded:
- Protection of the rights of the Ahom community
- Preservation of Ahom culture and traditions
- Representation of Ahoms in government services
- Safeguarding Assamese interests
It later supported the freedom movement and merged with the Indian National Congress.
4. What were the issues raised by Assam Association before the British Government?
Answer:
The Assam Association raised issues like:
- Reduction of high land revenue
- Improvement of education
- Protection of Assamese language
- Greater Indian participation in administration
- Opposition to unjust British policies
5. Mention about the Assamese leaders who had led the Non-Cooperation Movement in Assam.
Answer:
Important Assamese leaders of the Non-Cooperation Movement were:
- Tarun Ram Phukan
- Gopinath Bordoloi
- Nabin Chandra Bardoloi
- Chandradhar Barua
They encouraged boycott of British goods and institutions.
6. Write about Cunningham Circular.
Answer:
The Cunningham Circular was issued in 1937 by the British government. It ordered government employees not to participate in political activities. This circular aimed to suppress nationalist movements but was strongly opposed by Indian leaders and people.
7. Write briefly about the problems faced by the Ministry of Gopinath Bordoloi after independence.
Answer:
After independence, the Bordoloi Ministry faced several problems such as:
- Refugee rehabilitation after partition
- Economic backwardness
- Poor communication and transport
- Integration of hill areas
- Law and order problems
8. Write brief history of establishment of Assam Agriculture University.
Answer:
Assam Agricultural University was established in 1969 at Jorhat. It was set up to improve agricultural education, research, and extension services. The university played a major role in developing modern farming techniques in Assam.
9. Write brief history of establishment of Assam Medical College.
Answer:
Assam Medical College was established in 1947 at Dibrugarh. It was the first medical college in Assam. The institution aimed to improve medical education and healthcare facilities in the state.
Long Type Questions:
(HSLC standard).
1. Discuss the role and activities of Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha.
Answer:
The Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha was established in 1888 by a group of educated Assamese students in Calcutta. During British rule, the Assamese language had suffered neglect, and this organization aimed to revive and strengthen Assamese language and literature.
Role and activities:
- Worked actively for the development of Assamese language, literature, and culture.
- Published the famous journal ‘Jonaki’, which marked the beginning of the modern era of Assamese literature.
- Encouraged new forms of writing such as modern poetry, short stories, essays, and drama.
- Nurtured great literary figures like Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Chandra Kumar Agarwala, and Hemchandra Goswami.
- Created a strong sense of linguistic pride and cultural identity among the Assamese people.
Thus, the Sabha played a historic role in the cultural and literary awakening of Assam.
2. Write about the contribution of Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
Answer:
Assam Chatra Sanmilan was founded in 1916 as a state-level students’ organization. It played an important role in shaping the social, political, and national consciousness of Assamese students.
Contributions:
- United students from different parts of Assam on a common platform.
- Spread nationalist ideas and encouraged participation in the freedom struggle.
- Actively supported the Non-Cooperation Movement and later national movements.
- Inspired students to boycott foreign goods and promote Swadeshi products.
- Worked for social reforms, education, and cultural development.
- Many future leaders of Assam emerged from this organization.
Thus, Assam Chatra Sanmilan played a vital role in involving students in national and social causes.
3. Give an account of the objectives and role of the Ryot Sabhas.
Answer:
Ryot Sabhas were peasant organizations formed during British rule to safeguard the rights and interests of farmers, who were severely oppressed by high land revenue and unfair policies.
Objectives:
- To oppose the excessive land revenue system.
- To protect peasants from exploitation by British officials and landlords.
- To unite farmers and give them a collective voice.
Role:
- Organized meetings, protests, and petitions against unjust revenue hikes.
- Supported peasant movements like Phulaguri Dhawa.
- Educated peasants about their rights and duties.
- Strengthened agrarian resistance against British exploitation.
Ryot Sabhas played a significant role in awakening political consciousness among the rural masses.
4. Write about the objectives and activities of Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha.
Answer:
Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha was established in 1884 and was one of the earliest political organizations in Assam. It played an important role in the early political awakening of the people.
Objectives:
- To spread political awareness among the masses.
- To safeguard the interests of the Assamese people.
- To place public grievances before the British government.
Activities:
- Submitted petitions regarding land revenue, education, and administration.
- Opposed unjust policies and excessive taxation.
- Encouraged social reforms and modern education.
- Acted as a link between the government and the people.
The Sabha laid the foundation for organized political activity in Assam.
5. Write on the contribution of Assam Association towards social reform in British-ruled Assam.
Answer:
The Assam Association was formed in 1903 and became the first province-wide political organization in Assam.
Contributions:
- Created political and social awareness among educated Assamese people.
- Raised issues related to education, language, land revenue, and representation.
- Worked for the protection and promotion of Assamese language and culture.
- Demanded greater Indian participation in administration.
- Later merged with the Indian National Congress, strengthening the freedom movement.
The Assam Association played a key role in the growth of political and social reforms in Assam.
6. Give a brief description on the creation and role of Assam Provincial Congress Committee.
Answer:
The Assam Provincial Congress Committee (APCC) was formed in 1921 as a provincial unit of the Indian National Congress.
Role:
- Popularized Gandhian principles in Assam.
- Led major national movements like Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India.
- Organized meetings, protests, and satyagrahas across the state.
- Mobilized people from both rural and urban areas.
- Produced many dedicated freedom fighters.
APCC played a crucial role in linking Assam with the national freedom struggle.
7. Give a brief description on the role of Assam in the Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:
The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 following the partition of Bengal.
Role of Assam:
- People boycotted foreign goods and promoted Swadeshi products.
- Swadeshi schools and industries were established.
- Students and youth actively participated in protests.
- Public meetings and awareness campaigns were organized.
- The movement strengthened national unity and self-reliance.
The Swadeshi Movement laid the foundation of nationalism in Assam.
8. Give an account on the role of Assam in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
Role of Assam:
- Boycott of government schools, colleges, courts, and foreign goods.
- Students left educational institutions.
- Lawyers gave up their legal practice.
- Leaders like Tarun Ram Phukan guided the movement.
- Khadi and Swadeshi goods were promoted.
This movement brought mass participation in Assam’s freedom struggle.
9. Give an account on the role of Assam in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
The Civil Disobedience Movement began in 1930 with Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha.
Role of Assam:
- Salt laws were openly violated.
- Foreign goods were boycotted.
- Large numbers of people courted arrest.
- Women actively participated in protests.
- Congress leaders organized movements across Assam.
The movement intensified anti-British sentiments in the state.
10. Write about the Quit India Movement in Assam.
Answer:
The Quit India Movement was launched in 1942 demanding immediate independence.
In Assam:
- Students, youth, and common people participated actively.
- Government offices and communication systems were disrupted.
- Leaders including Gopinath Bordoloi were arrested.
- Underground activities were carried out.
- British authorities used severe repression.
This movement marked the final phase of the freedom struggle in Assam.
11. Give a brief description about the institutions established in Assam under the leadership of Bordoloi Ministry.
Answer:
Under the leadership of Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi, several important institutions were established for Assam’s development.
Institutions:
- Gauhati University
- Assam Medical College
- Assam Agricultural College
- Assam State Transport Corporation
- Expansion of educational, administrative, and welfare institutions
These institutions greatly contributed to Assam’s educational, medical, and economic progress.
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